Maret 2017 - Everything for technology & enginerring»

Sistem Operasi HAIKU / HAIKU OS

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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">SEJARAH HAIKU</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">  adalah satu-satunya sistem
operasi yang mungkin dapat mengalahkan Windows dan Mac OS, dan perusahaan
pembuatnya, Be, Inc., perusahaan terakhir yang berani bersaing dengan
Microsoft dan Apple secara langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">tahun 1990, Jean Louis Gassée,
kepala bagian advanced product development and worldwide marketing perusahaan
komputer Apple, keluar dari Apple dan membuat perusahaan baru yang bernama Be,
Inc. bersama developer Apple Newton, Steve Sakoman. Tujuan dari Be adalah
membuat platform hardware baru dengan sistem operasi baru yang tidak terikat
isu backwards compatibility dan dirancang untuk multiprocessing.Be pun mulai
membuat prototipe platform perangkat keras mereka yang disebut BeBox. Perangkat
ini berbasiskan processor AT&T Hobbit. Pada akhir 1990 hingga awal
1991,beberapa mantan pegawai Apple bergabung dengan Be. Bahkan, Benoit
Schillings, salah satu key developer pengembangan BeOS, mungkin adalah
satu-satunya pegawai Be yang tidak berasal dari Apple.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Sekitar tahun 1992, sistem operasi ini
memiliki kemampuan multiprocessing dan multitasking, serta shell berupa command
line interface tanpa dukungan grafis. Windowing system yang sudah ada umumnya
terlalu kompleks sehingga akhirnya Benoit Schillings membuat windowing system
sendiri, yang dioptimasi untuk kernel Be dan BeBox sehingga performanya luar
biasa.Be mengadakan kontes untuk nama sistem operasi mereka, namun akhirnya
tetap dinamakan Be Operating System atau BeOS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">pada 1994, AT&T menghentikan
produksi processor Hobbit. Maka BeBox beserta sistem operasi yang diusungnya
pun harus di-port untuk arsitektur processor yang berbeda — pilihan jatuh pada
PowerPC. Pada transisi ini, Joseph Palmer seorang diri merancang BeBox dengan
PowerPC berdasarkan pada PowerPC Reference Platform dan I/O System, meskipun
dianggap ketinggalan zaman. Namun menurut Palmer, saat bekerja di Apple, ia
menyadari bahwa yang membuat Mac banyak digunakan adalah kemudahan software,
bukan rancangan hardware. Pengguna bahkan mungkin tidak menyadari adanya
perubahan arsitektur. sebelum Palmer selesai membangun BeBox berbasis
PowerPC. Pada waktu itu juga Brad Taylor mengimplementasikan TCP/IP stack dan
perangkat FTP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Tahun 1995, BeBox pun diluncurkan ke
publik, seminggu setelah Microsoft merilis Windows 95. BeBox mendapat sambutan
hangat. BeOS berjalan dengan cepat dan halus, dan bahkan memiliki kemampuan
multitasking handal yang belum dimiliki Mac ataupun Windows. Mac pada saat itu
bahkan belum mengimplementasikan preemptive multitasking dan protected
memory. Namun pada tahun 1996 Be mulai mengalami kejatuhan. BeBox berhenti
diproduksi, dan Be hanya berfokus pada software.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Pada tahun 1997, keadaan semakin buruk
bagi Be. Steve Jobs tidak memperbolehkan BeOS sebagai optional install seperti
dulu, dan menolak memberikan spesifikasi G3 kepada Be, sehingga Be tidak dapat
membuat port BeOS yang dapat berjalan pada hardware baru Apple tersebut.
Tampaknya Apple tak berani bersaing dengan Be. BeOS pun terpaksa di-porting ke
Intel. Tahun 1998, Be merilis BeOS pertama yang dapat berjalan pada PowerPC
maupun x86.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">BeOS pun mati. BeOS dibeli oleh Palm,
kemudian berpindah tangan ke Access. Sistem operasi yang berpotensi mengalahkan
Mac dan Windows, kini bahkan tidak ada versi paling sederhana sekalipun yang
tersedia untuk diunduh. Sejak saat itu, sistem operasi lain selain Mac dan
Windows pun juga berjatuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Sekarang projek BeOS dihentikan karena
gagal dalam mengkomersilkan dirinya. BeOS merupakan sistem operasi yang
berjalan pada arsitektur PowerPC namun pada penghujung usianya BeOS telah
berhasil di porting ke platform X86 dan Haiku merupakan Projek yang betul-betul
baru dan tidak memilki keterkaitan source code dengan BeOS, Haiku merupakan
salah satu proyek open source, Haiku ditulis dengan C++ dengan menyediakan
banyak object-oriented API. HAIKU masih dalam tahap praAlpha sehingga untuk
menjalankan dibutuhkan Aplikasi Virtual seperti Qemu atau Vmware.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Haiku dikembangkan oleh komunitas
pengembang sukarelawan dari seluruh dunia. Selain itu, Haiku juga ada berkat
dukungan komunitas berdedikasi yang sungguh-sungguh. Haiku Inc, Sebuah
organisasi nirlaba yang didirikan oleh Michael Phipps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">pada 2001 setelah BeOS dibeli
oleh Palm, Inc. dan pengembangan BeOS dihentikan. Fokus pengembangan
proyek OpenBeOS untuk mendukung pengguna BeOS, melalui pengganti BeOS yang
kompatibel dan terbuka (opensource)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Pada 2004 nama baru dipilih
untuk menghindari pelanggaran hak nama Palm. Proyek ini dikendalikan oleh Haiku
Incorporated, sebuah perusahaan nirlaba di New York<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Perusahaan / pengembang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  Haiku Project<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Keluarga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  BeOS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Status
  terkini<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  Alpha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Model
  sumber<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  Free and open source software<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Rilis
  perdana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  OpenBeOS: 2002<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Rilis
  tak-stabil terkini<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  R1 Alpha 4.1 / 12 November 2012<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Target
  pemasaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  Personal computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Ketersediaan bahasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  Multilingual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Dukungan
  platform<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  IA-32, ARM, x86-64<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Jenis kernel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  Hybrid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Antarmuka bawaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  OpenTracker<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Lisensi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><br />
  : MIT License  & Be Sample Code License<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Situs
  web resmi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">:
  haiku-os.org <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi60VqZWk0zH5Q2qOSBIHosOxDYlv2rBXVMVlJ4n0XIde_K3cwBiMwIJ_EcR_hMjRtzoHMa2yUmGGdc-5YdbD92m6Pqdb3_24d6QDUhwD_Mhkq8ctckvlEQ9bGhbY_SJBIF_0QjxPssjlw/s1600/400px-Beostru+%25281%2529.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi60VqZWk0zH5Q2qOSBIHosOxDYlv2rBXVMVlJ4n0XIde_K3cwBiMwIJ_EcR_hMjRtzoHMa2yUmGGdc-5YdbD92m6Pqdb3_24d6QDUhwD_Mhkq8ctckvlEQ9bGhbY_SJBIF_0QjxPssjlw/s320/400px-Beostru+%25281%2529.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arsitektur BeOS</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Beberapa
fitur lain dari Haiku yang dikembangkan antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">App/Interface – Mengembangkan tampilan
interface, Aplikasi dan Support kits<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">BFS – Be File System<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Game – Game Kit dan APIs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Input Server – Server yang menangani
perangkat input seperti keyboard dan mouse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kernel – Inti sistem operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Media – Mengembangkan audio server
beserta APIs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">MIDI – Mengimplementasikan protokol
MIDI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Network – Driver untuk perlengkapan
networkbeserta API.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">OpenGL – Dukungan OpenGL.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Printing – Dukungan Print-server dan
driver untuk printer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Screen Saver – Tampilan screen saver.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Storage – Mengembangkan driver untuk
urusan penyimpanan data beserta driver  filesystem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Translation – Dukungan module driver
untukfile formt yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW70MqaVx582LZlOQtYxULL96D-yr0S19E3KC0S_K6hHegSbHBVb6h2MoioXmOxfJD7OImHNMLWn2islgD0IEm0HS9oabXpzWuTnvByWQag7FnIIClc4d1gr0hojkCeG0L7sj5hqcXhLQ/s1600/haiku.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW70MqaVx582LZlOQtYxULL96D-yr0S19E3KC0S_K6hHegSbHBVb6h2MoioXmOxfJD7OImHNMLWn2islgD0IEm0HS9oabXpzWuTnvByWQag7FnIIClc4d1gr0hojkCeG0L7sj5hqcXhLQ/s320/haiku.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><b>Pengenalan
Haiku</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Haiku, sebelumnya dikenal sebagai
OpenBeOS, adalah sebuah proyek sistem operasi open source untuk menciptakan Be
Operating System pada komputer x86 dan PowerPC. Dimulai sebagai
"OpenBeOS" pada 2001 setelah Be dibeli oleh Palm, Inc. dan BeOS tidak
lagi dilanjutkan. Pada 2004 nama baru dipilih untuk menghindari pelanggaran hak
nama Palm. Proyek ini dikendalikan oleh Haiku Incorporated, sebuah perusahaan
nirlaba di New York.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Haiku adalah sebuah sistem operasi
open source yang saat ini dalam pembangunan yang target khusus komputasi
personal. Terinspirasi oleh Be Operating System, Haiku bertujuan untuk menjadi
cepat, efisien, mudah digunakan, mudah dipelajari dan sangat kuat namun sistem
untuk komputer pengguna dari semua tingkatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Menyoroti
kunci yang membedakan Haiku dari sistem operasi lain meliputi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Spesifik fokus pada komputasi personal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Custom kernel dirancang untuk tanggap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Fully threaded desain untuk efisiensi
besar dengan CPU multi-processor/core<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kaya OO API untuk pengembangan lebih
cepat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Database-seperti sistem berkas
(OpenBFS) dengan dukungan untuk diindeks metadata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> Unified, kohesif antarmuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-indent: 18pt;">Jadi HAIKU Sistem Operasi yang
progresif memperkenalkan konsep-konsep dan teknologi yang kami percaya mewakili
yang ideal berarti sederhana dan efisien untuk komputasi personal. Haiku adalah
realisasi dari konsep-konsep dan teknologi dalam bentuk sistem operasi yang merupakan
open source dan gratis.</span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>

<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-indent: 18pt;">Haiku dikembangkan oleh komunitas yang
tumbuh pengembang sukarelawan dari seluruh dunia. Selain itu, juga Haiku ada
berkat dukungan berdedikasi yang sungguh-sungguh dan ramah masyarakat, dan
bahwa dari Haiku Inc, sebuah organisasi nirlaba yang didirikan oleh mantan
pemimpin proyek Michael Phipps dengan tujuan untuk mendukung pengembangan Haiku
serta pertumbuhan baik dari masyarakat dan Haiku platform.</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>

<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-indent: 18pt;">Be OS memperkenalkan konsep progresif
dan teknologi yang mewakili idealitas dari komputer dekstop. Haiku akan menjadi
realisasi konsep-konsep ini dan teknologi dalam bentuk sistem operasi yang open
source dan gratis.</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>

<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Haiku dibuat sebagian besar oleh
sukarelawan di dunia pada waktu senggang. Pengembangan Haiku dipimpin oleh
Haiku Inc, perusahaan non-profit yang dibangun oleh project leader sebelumnya
yaitu Michael Phipps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">System
Requirements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Haiku hanya bekerja on x86 systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">minimal memory 128MB Dan 1GB
of memory is recommended<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Haiku dapat bekerja minimal di CPU's
Pentium II 400MH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Membutuhkan minimal 600MB of
drive space. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">OS dari BeOS atau HAIKU adalah Sistem
operasi ini merupakan salah satu jenis sistem operasi yang bersifat Open
Sourche. Dimana OS BeOS atau HAIKU ini pada jamannya sangat dikenal sebagai OS
yang memiliki arsitektur yang kuat untuk menjalankan multimedia, mendukung
multiprosesor, mendukung 64 journaling file sistem. Bukannya hanya itu saja OS
ini pada masa itu mengalami perkembangan ynag sangat pesat yang dapat dilihat
dari segi penggunanya. Slaah satu ketertarikan dari SOBeOS ini adalah tidak
memiliki keterkaitan dengan sourche code. Dan saat itu SO BeOS ini memiliki
saingan yang tidak tertandingi dari beberapa perusahann besar OS seperti MC-OS,
APPLE, dan juga Microsoft Corporation hal ini merupakan suatu keistimewann
sendiri bagi Jean Louis Gassée pendiri utama Be,Inc. Jean berasal dari suatu
perusahaan Aplle dia keluar dari perushahaan tersebut dan membangun sebuah
perusahan baru yang memberikan dampak besar dalam sejarah Sistem Operasi.
Adapun Tujuan dari Be adalah membuat platform hardware baru dengan sistem
operasi baru yang tidak terikat isu backwards compatibility dan dirancang untuk
multiprocessing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kelebihan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Arsitektur yang kuat untuk multimedia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">mendukung multiprosesor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">mendukung 64 journaling file sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Fokus utama pada Personal Computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kernel yang dirancang untuk lebih
responsif/tanggap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Sepenuhnya dirancang untuk efisiensi
yang tinggi dengan dukungan multi processor/Core<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Diperkaya dengan OO API untuk
pengembangan yang cepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Database, seperti Sistem File
(OpenBFS) dengan dukungan Metadata terindeks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Terpadu, serta antarmuka yang saling
terhubung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Kekurangan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Hanya dapat digunakan pada Hardware
modern (BeBOX)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">»<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Untuk menjalankannya dibutuhkan
Aplikasi Virtual seperti Qemu atau Vmware<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

Sistem Operasi HAIKU / HAIKU OS

SEJARAH HAIKU adalah satu-satunya sistem operasi yang mungkin dapat mengalahkan Windows dan Mac OS, dan perusahaan pembuatnya, Be, Inc., perusahaan terakhir yang berani bersaing dengan Microsoft dan Apple secara langsung. tahun 1990, Jean Louis Gassée, kepala bagian advanced product development an…

Baca selengkapnya »

20Mar2017

tugas PSO BAB2

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghV796QnaWeWZvTcEBR1MlHWEwOFvXIvhpVcMBRhSAD9Bj1f6_OBO2MMy7exiusfvdgIK4XlLqEFV9GvW3JnKi7U-sxcnSPlzPh8sLAunP2JB_SmbeKZ0ecvUCEZoSmk8cOgSKVWjpZ3o/s1600/tampilan+awal+BAB2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghV796QnaWeWZvTcEBR1MlHWEwOFvXIvhpVcMBRhSAD9Bj1f6_OBO2MMy7exiusfvdgIK4XlLqEFV9GvW3JnKi7U-sxcnSPlzPh8sLAunP2JB_SmbeKZ0ecvUCEZoSmk8cOgSKVWjpZ3o/s640/tampilan+awal+BAB2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Layanan (Service) Sistem
Operasi <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Antarmuka pengguna Sistem
Operasi <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Calls <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-Tipe Sistem Call <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Program Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Perancangan dan Implementasi
Operasi Sistem <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Struktur Sistem Operasi <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Virtual Machine <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Generasi Sistem Operasi</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Boot
Sistem</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Layanan (Service) Sistem Operasi <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Satu set layanan (service)
sistem operasi menyediakan fungsi yang membantu pengguna: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #5b9bd5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">User interface - Hampir semua
sistem operasi memiliki antarmuka pengguna (UI)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Bervariasi antara Command-Line
(CLI), Grafik User Interface (GUI), Batch <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #5b9bd5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Eksekusi program - Sistem
harus dapat memuat program ke memori dan menjalankan program, mengakhiri
eksekusi, secara normal atau abnormal (menunjukkan kesalahan)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #5b9bd5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Operasi I/O - program berjalan
mungkin memerlukan I/O, yang mungkin melibatkan file atau peranti I/O. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #5b9bd5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Manipulasi File sistem -
Program perlu membaca dan menulis file dan direktori, membuat dan menghapus
mereka, pencarian mereka, daftar file Informasi, manajemen izin. Layanan Sistem
Operasi (Lanj.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 113.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #5b9bd5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Komunikasi - Proses dapat
bertukar informasi, pada komputer yang sama atau antara komputer melalui
jaringan <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Komunikasi dapat melalui
memori bersama atau melalui message passing (paket dipindahkan oleh OS)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Deteksi kesalahan - OS perlu
selalu menyadari kemungkinan kesalahan <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Dapat terjadi di CPU dan
perangkat keras memori, peranti I/O, dalam program pengguna • Untuk setiap
jenis kesalahan, OS harus mengambil tindakan yang sesuai untuk memastikan komputasi
yang benar dan konsisten<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Fasilitas Debugging dapat
sangat meningkatkan pengguna dan kemampuan programmer untuk efisien menggunakan
sistem Layanan Sistem Operasi (Lanj.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Set lain dari fungsi OS untuk menjamin operasi
yang efisien dari sistem itu sendiri melalui pembagian sumber daya <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Alokasi sumber daya - Ketika
multiple user atau beberapa pekerjaan berjalan bersamaan, sumber daya harus dialokasikan
untuk masing-masing <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Banyak
jenis sumber daya - Beberapa (seperti siklus CPU, memoriu tama, dan penyimpanan
file) mungkin memiliki kode alokasi khusus, yang lain (seperti peranti I/O)
mungkin punya permintaan umum dan rilis kode. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Akuntansi - Untuk melacak
pengguna mana yang menggunakan berapa banyak dan apa jenisnya dari sumber daya
komputer <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Proteksi dan keamanan -
Pemilik informasi yang disimpan dalam sebuah sistem komputer multiuser atau
jaringan mungkin ingin mengontrol penggunaan informasi tersebut, proses
konkuren tidak boleh saling mengganggu <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 134.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Proteksi/Perlindungan
melibatkan memastikan bahwa semua akses ke sumber daya sistem dikendalikan <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 134.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Keamanan
sistem dari luar memerlukan otentikasi pengguna, diperluas untuk mempertahankan
peranti I/O eksternal dari upaya akses tidak valid <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 134.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Jika
sistem harus dilindungi dan supaya aman, tindakan pencegahan harus dilembagakan
keseluruhan. Sebuah rantai hanya sekuat pada hubungan yang terlemah<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Antarmuka pengguna Sistem Operasi (CLI)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">CLI memungkinkan pemasukan
perintah langsung :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Kadang-kadang
diimplementasikan di kernel, kadang-kadang oleh program sistem <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Kadang-kadang beberapa selera
diimplementasikan – shells<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Utamanya mengambil perintah
dari pengguna dan mengeksekusinya <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">         
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Kadang-kadang perintah
built-in, kadang-kadang hanya nama program – Jika yang terakhir, menambahkan
fitur baru tidak memerlukan modifikasi shell</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Linux</span></span><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">MS-DOS<br />
Shell-nya adalah COMMAND.COM<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Calls <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Antarmuka pemrograman untuk
layanan yang diberikan oleh OS:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Biasanya
ditulis dalam bahasa tingkat tinggi (C atau C + +) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Sebagian besar diakses oleh
program melalui Application Program Interface (API) tingkat-tinggi daripada
menggunakan sistem direct call<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Tiga API yang paling umum
adalah: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Win32
API untuk Windows<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">POSIX
API untuk sistem berbasis POSIX (termasuk hampir semua versi UNIX, Linux, dan
Mac OS X), dan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Java API untuk Java virtual machine (JVM)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Mengapa menggunakan API
daripada system calls? <br />
(Catatan bahwa nama-nama sistem call yang digunakan di seluruh teks ini adalah
generik)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Contoh Sistem Calls <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Urutan system call sequence
untuk mengkopi isi dari satu file ke file lain:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: large; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-Tipe
System Calls</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Kontrol proses<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Manajemen file<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Manajemen peranti <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Pemeliharaan informasi <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Komunikasi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>

</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">System
Programs </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Program
sistem menyediakan lingkungan yang nyaman untuk pengembangan program dan
eksekusi. Ini dapat dibagi menjadi:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Manipulasi Berkas </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Informasi status </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Modifikasi File </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Dukungan
bahasa pemrograman </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Pemuatan
dan eksekusi program (program loading dan execution) </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Komunikasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Program
aplikasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 72.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Pengguna
sebagian besar memandang tampilan sistem operasi didefinisikan oleh program
sistem, bukan sistem call sebenarnya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 108.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Solaris 10 dtrace Following System Call</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;">

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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">System
Programs </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Menyediakan lingkungan yang nyaman untuk
pengembangan dan eksekusi program </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
darinya hanya user interface untuk sistem call lainnya jauh lebih kompleks </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Manajemen file - Membuat, menghapus, menyalin,
mengubah nama, mencetak, dump, daftar, dan umumnya memanipulasi file dan
direktori </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Informasi status </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
meminta sistem untuk informasi - tanggal, waktu, jumlah memori yang tersedia,
ruang disk, jumlah pengguna </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Lainnya menyediakan informasi rincian
performa, logging, dan debugging </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Biasanya, program-program ini memformat dan
mencetak output ke terminal atau perangkat output lainnya </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Beberapa sistem menerapkan registri -
digunakan untuk menyimpan dan mengambil informasi konfigurasi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>

</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Desain and Implementasi Sistem Operasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Desain
dan Implementasi OS tidak “solvable", tetapi beberapa pendekatan telah
terbukti sukses </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Struktur
internal Sistem Operasi yang berbeda dapat sangat bervariasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Mulailah dengan menentukan tujuan dan
spesifikasi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Dipengaruhi oleh pilihan perangkat keras,
jenis sistem </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Tujuan User dan tujuan System </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Tujuan
User - sistem operasi harus nyaman digunakan, mudah dipelajari, dapat
diandalkan, aman, dan cepat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Tujuan
System - sistem operasi harus mudah untuk dirancang, diimplementasikan, dan
dipelihara, serta fleksibel, handal, bebas kesalahan, dan efisien Desain and
Implementasi Sistem Operasi (Lanj.) </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Prinsip penting untuk memisahkan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Kebijakan (Policy): Apa yang akan dilakukan? </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Mekanisme (Mechanism): Bagaimana melakukannya?
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Mekanisme menentukan bagaimana melakukan
sesuatu, kebijakan memutuskan apa yang akan dilakukan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Pemisahan kebijakan dari mekanisme adalah
prinsip yang sangat penting, hal itu memungkinkan fleksibilitas maksimal jika
keputusan kebijakan harus diubah nanti</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 107%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">Virtual
Machine </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"> Virtual machine mengambil pendekatan berlapis
untuk kesimpulan logis. Memperlakukan hardware dan kernel sistem operasi
seolah-olah semuanya perangkat keras <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"> Sebuah mesin virtual menyediakan sebuah
antarmuka yang identik dengan perangkat keras yang mendasari secara kasat mata <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"> Sistem operasi menciptakan ilusi dari beberapa
proses, masing-masing dieksekusi pada prosesor sendiri dengan memori (virtual)
sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #9cc2e5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: large; line-height: 150%;">Virtual
Machine<br />
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvCyrxk_euG2CJskwwW3bVNIGLO60AUCEpqZlFyY4u3e295BKWxwx6gWiEKhIeAloMrLQSbrm4h8m0OYnjFKIuhfAi5zbOIuAi_Cc13yR9IIE2RTx7HeIrKBNy5lYyGr2iOI0sBvdKFXo/s1600/_PIC3_BAB2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvCyrxk_euG2CJskwwW3bVNIGLO60AUCEpqZlFyY4u3e295BKWxwx6gWiEKhIeAloMrLQSbrm4h8m0OYnjFKIuhfAi5zbOIuAi_Cc13yR9IIE2RTx7HeIrKBNy5lYyGr2iOI0sBvdKFXo/s320/_PIC3_BAB2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">(a) Bukan Virtual
machine (b) virtual machine</span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">
</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #4f82bc; font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Operating System Generation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
operasi dirancang untuk berjalan di salah satu dari suatu kelas mesin, sistem
harus dikonfigurasi untuk setiap situs komputer tertentu </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Program SYSGEN mendapatkan informasi mengenai
konfigurasi khusus dari sistem perangkat keras </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Booting - memulai komputer dengan me-load
kernel </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">›<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"> Bootstrap program - kode yang tersimpan dalam
ROM yang mampu menemukan kernel, load ke memori, dan mulai eksekusi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span>

tugas PSO BAB2

· Layanan (Service) Sistem Operasi · Antarmuka pengguna Sistem Operasi · Sistem Calls · Tipe-Tipe Sistem Call · Program Sistem · Perancangan dan Implementasi Operasi Sistem · Struktur Sistem Operasi · Virtual Machine · Generasi Sistem Operasi · …

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08Mar2017